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EU Observer (4 February 2025)

by Kristof Titeca and Erik Kennes

On 26 January, the M23 rebellion, supported by the Rwandan army, took over the eastern DR Congo city of Goma. This marked a major escalation of the Congolese conflict. 

The M23 rebellion had (re)started its activities in November 2021; and particularly over the last two years dramatically expanded its territory over eastern Congo. 

This had stark humanitarian consequences: in the first half of 2024 alone, the group caused over two million people to be displaced. It quickly became clear that M23 was supported by Rwanda: a string of UN reports have proven the direct military support from the Rwandan army for M23: a conservative estimate of last year did put the presence of Rwandan troops at between 3,000 and 4,000.

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